Answer : 3. "गैरेट हार्डिन "
Explanation :

The "Tragedy of the Commons" is a concept introduced by Garrett Hardin in a famous 1968 essay. It describes a situation where individuals, acting in their self-interest, deplete shared resources, leading to the detriment of the overall community. The term "commons" refers to resources that are accessible to everyone, and the tragedy occurs when individuals, motivated by personal gain, exploit these resources excessively, leading to their depletion or degradation. Hardin's work highlights the challenges of managing common resources and the need for collective action or regulatory measures to prevent the tragedy from occurring. This concept has been widely applied to environmental issues and resource management.